نحو سياسات أكثر فاعلية لتعزيز الأمن الوطني في مواجهة التزييف العميق للصوت

Abstract

This paper addresses one of the most serious emerging digital challenges: deepfakes of voice as a multidimensional threat that affects digital security, societal security, and institutional trust. The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence technologies has made available tools capable of simulating human voices with a high degree of accuracy, rendering voice—once considered a reliable medium—vulnerable to manipulation and exploitation in fraud, disinformation, and psychological and media influence operations.

The paper begins with a diagnostic analysis of the nature of the problem and its technical, social, and security context, highlighting the limitations of prevailing policies that remain governed by a logic of piecemeal responses—whether in terms of slow legislative updates, varying technical capabilities, low public awareness, or the absence of specialized digital forensic protocols. The paper also reviews a comparison of leading international experiences, identifying key strengths and shortcomings.

The paper proposes a set of public policy alternatives, including legislative modernization, technical and institutional capacity-building, promoting public awareness, and regulating the responsibilities of digital platforms, while evaluating these alternatives and favoring a comprehensive, integrated approach as the most effective option for addressing deep voice forgery.